由于深度学习的进步和数据集的增加,自动许可证板识别(ALPR)系统对来自多个区域的牌照(LPS)的表现显着。对深度ALPR系统的评估通常在每个数据集内完成;因此,如果这种结果是泛化能力的可靠指标,则是可疑的。在本文中,我们提出了一种传统分配的与休假 - 单数据集实验设置,以统一地评估12个光学字符识别(OCR)模型的交叉数据集泛化,其在九个公共数据集上应用于LP识别,具有良好的品种在若干方面(例如,获取设置,图像分辨率和LP布局)。我们还介绍了一个用于端到端ALPR的公共数据集,这是第一个包含带有Mercosur LP的车辆的图像和摩托车图像数量最多的图像。实验结果揭示了传统分离协议的局限性,用于评估ALPR上下文中的方法,因为在训练和测试休假时,大多数数据集在大多数数据集中的性能显着下降。
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最近的研究表明,犯罪网络具有复杂的组织结构,但是是否可以用来预测犯罪网络的静态和动态特性。在这里,通过结合图表学习和机器学习方法,我们表明,可以使用政治腐败,警察情报和洗钱网络的结构性特性来恢复缺失的犯罪伙伴关系,区分不同类型的犯罪和法律协会以及预测犯罪分子之间交换的总金额,所有这些都具有出色的准确性。我们还表明,我们的方法可以预期在腐败网络的动态增长过程中,其准确性很高。因此,与在犯罪现场发现的证据类似,我们得出结论,犯罪网络的结构模式具有有关非法活动的重要信息,这使机器学习方法可以预测缺失的信息,甚至预测未来的犯罪行为。
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这项工作使用来自建设性模拟的可靠数据比较了监督的机器学习方法,以估算空袭期间发射导弹的最有效时刻。我们采用了重采样技术来改善预测模型,分析准确性,精度,召回和F1得分。的确,我们可以根据决策树以及其他算法对重采样技术的显着敏感性来确定模型的显着性能。最佳F1分数的模型的值分别为0.379和0.465,而没有重新采样技术,这一值分别增加了22.69%。因此,如果理想,重新采样技术可以改善模型的召回率和F1得分,而准确性和精确度略有下降。因此,通过通过建设性模拟获得的数据,可以根据机器学习模型开发决策支持工具,从而可以提高BVR空中战斗的飞行质量,从而提高进攻任务的有效性以达到特定目标。
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序列在许多真实的情况下出现;因此,识别符号生成背后的机制对于理解许多复杂系统至关重要。本文分析了在网络拓扑上行走的代理产生的序列。鉴于在许多实际情况下,生成序列的基础过程是隐藏的,我们研究了通过共发生方法重建网络是否对恢复网络拓扑和代理动力学生成序列很有用。我们发现,重建网络的表征提供了有关用于创建序列的过程和拓扑的有价值的信息。在考虑16种网络拓扑和代理动力学组合的机器学习方法中,我们获得了87%的精度,序列生成的序列少于访问量的少于40%。事实证明,较大的序列可以生成改进的机器学习模型。我们的发现表明,可以扩展所提出的方法以对序列进行分类并了解序列产生背后的机制。
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这项工作调查了使用深神经网络(DNN)来执行武器接触区域(WEZ)最大发射范围的估计。韦茨允许飞行员识别空域,其中可用导弹具有更大的成功参与特定目标的概率,即围绕着对手易受射击群体的飞机的假设区域。我们提出了一种方法来确定使用50,000个变化条件下的模拟发射的给定导弹的韦茨。这些模拟用于训练当飞机在不同的烧制条件下发现自身时,可以预测韦茨的DNN,其测定系数为0.99。它提供了另一种关于前面研究的程序,因为它采用了非离散化模型,即,它立即考虑了WEZ的所有方向,以前尚未完成。此外,所提出的方法使用实验设计,允许较少的模拟运行,提供更快的模型训练。
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这项工作旨在在防御柜台(DCA)任务的背景下提供超出视觉范围(BVR)空战的参与决策支持工具。在BVR AIR作战中,接合判决是指通过假设令人反感的姿态和执行相应的演示来选择导频的时刻。为了模拟这一决定,我们使用巴西空军航空航天仿真环境(\ {Ambiente de Simula \ C {C} \〜a \〜a \〜ao ao aeroispacial - Asa}在葡萄牙语中,它产生了3,729个建设性模拟,每个建设性模拟持续12分钟,总共10,316场比赛。我们通过称为DCA指数的操作性标准分析了所有样本,这些标准基于主题专家的经验,这类使命的成功程度代表。该公制考虑了同一团队和对方团队的飞机的距离,对抗空气巡逻的点以及所使用的导弹数。通过在整个参与过程中开始和DCA指数的平均值之前定义参与状态,我们创建了一个监督的学习模型,以确定新的参与的质量。一种基于决策树的算法,与XGBoost库一起使用,提供了一种回归模型,以预测具有接近0.8的确定系数的DCA索引和0.05的根均方误差,可以为BVR飞行员提供参数以决定是否或不要搞。因此,使用通过仿真获得的数据,这项工作通过基于BVR Air战斗的机器学习构建决策支持系统而有贡献。
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Pennylane是用于量子计算机可区分编程的Python 3软件框架。该库为近期量子计算设备提供了统一的体系结构,支持量子和连续变化的范例。 Pennylane的核心特征是能够以与经典技术(例如反向传播)兼容的方式来计算变异量子电路的梯度。因此,Pennylane扩展了在优化和机器学习中常见的自动分化算法,以包括量子和混合计算。插件系统使该框架与任何基于门的量子模拟器或硬件兼容。我们为硬件提供商提供插件,包括Xanadu Cloud,Amazon Braket和IBM Quantum,允许Pennylane优化在公开访问的量子设备上运行。在古典方面,Pennylane与加速的机器学习库(例如Tensorflow,Pytorch,Jax和Autograd)接口。 Pennylane可用于优化变分的量子本素体,量子近似优化,量子机学习模型和许多其他应用。
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The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.
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A Digital Twin (DT) is a simulation of a physical system that provides information to make decisions that add economic, social or commercial value. The behaviour of a physical system changes over time, a DT must therefore be continually updated with data from the physical systems to reflect its changing behaviour. For resource-constrained systems, updating a DT is non-trivial because of challenges such as on-board learning and the off-board data transfer. This paper presents a framework for updating data-driven DTs of resource-constrained systems geared towards system health monitoring. The proposed solution consists of: (1) an on-board system running a light-weight DT allowing the prioritisation and parsimonious transfer of data generated by the physical system; and (2) off-board robust updating of the DT and detection of anomalous behaviours. Two case studies are considered using a production gas turbine engine system to demonstrate the digital representation accuracy for real-world, time-varying physical systems.
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We consider infinite horizon Markov decision processes (MDPs) with fast-slow structure, meaning that certain parts of the state space move "fast" (and in a sense, are more influential) while other parts transition more "slowly." Such structure is common in real-world problems where sequential decisions need to be made at high frequencies, yet information that varies at a slower timescale also influences the optimal policy. Examples include: (1) service allocation for a multi-class queue with (slowly varying) stochastic costs, (2) a restless multi-armed bandit with an environmental state, and (3) energy demand response, where both day-ahead and real-time prices play a role in the firm's revenue. Models that fully capture these problems often result in MDPs with large state spaces and large effective time horizons (due to frequent decisions), rendering them computationally intractable. We propose an approximate dynamic programming algorithmic framework based on the idea of "freezing" the slow states, solving a set of simpler finite-horizon MDPs (the lower-level MDPs), and applying value iteration (VI) to an auxiliary MDP that transitions on a slower timescale (the upper-level MDP). We also extend the technique to a function approximation setting, where a feature-based linear architecture is used. On the theoretical side, we analyze the regret incurred by each variant of our frozen-state approach. Finally, we give empirical evidence that the frozen-state approach generates effective policies using just a fraction of the computational cost, while illustrating that simply omitting slow states from the decision modeling is often not a viable heuristic.
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